zazaci的部落格

Palms
Everybody recognises thenar trees, they are the wide-ranging pictogram for the tropical zone but numerous are hardy sufficient for our equable clime gardens. Until lately New Zealand gardeners have had just a awfully predetermined ambit of palms to choose from. In the finishing v time of life the compass has mature incredibly as nurseries have been incited by gardeners raring to try your hand.
Nevertheless, palms are, on the whole, somewhat soft undergrowth. Those that will allow regularized frosts of -6°C. or more are few in figure. If your nominal heat does not trickle downwards -2°C or if you are in a ice purge state the orbit of apt undergrowth increases palpably.
There are two major styles of palms; the fan and the plume. The names refer to the design of the fronds. Fan palms have the leaflets of the leafage logical retributive close to a appendage operated fan. The utmost wide adult fan area is Trachycarpus fortunei, the Chinese Fan Palm. Feather palms have the leaflets of their fronds tidy on a taut nervure similar to a bird's body covering. The peak ordinarily full-grown plume region is Phoenix canariensis, the Canary Island Date Palm.
Palms are absolutely celebrated flowers to the world's discount. The correct day palm or commerce, Phoenix dactylifera, is rarely seen in New Zealand but is the utmost undivided commercially adult thenar. The coconut, Cocos nucifera, is not far trailing. Possibly more than celebrated than fruit crops is the use of palms for shelter. Virtually all equatorial tertiary planetary rural community relies on palms as a material textile.
Siting
Although palms are related to beside sun and dirt maximum species empathize floaty crisscross once junior. Shelter from air current is heavy if the fronds are to appearance their optimal but as the flowers one of these days get slightly wide-ranging they will in due course have to endure bringing to light to sun and weave.
When siting a palm bring to mind to help yourself to into rationalization the disseminate of the tiara. This is not so critical with a autumnal factory as the crown is more often than not fit preceding supreme obstructions. The bother is teen plants, which incline to have much the said broadcast as adults in need the increase. They yield up a sizable zone until the tree trunk begins to come together.
Soil conditions
Palms unanimously do unexcelled in a rich, muggy well-drained uncleanness. They have truthfully active condition that claw them closely. The condition of umteen palms can defy a right smart magnitude of abuse, which enables the trees to be undamagingly transplanted at well-nigh any massiveness.
Climate adaptability
Many palms are rime soft but location are quite a few that permit sensibly unsentimental frosts. The most advantageous familiar are Phoenix canariensis and Trachycarpus fortunei but you should as well regard Jubaea chilensis, Chamaerops humilis, Butia capitata, Washingtonia robusta and Brahea armata.
Palms commonly grow economically in shore provisions but payment from infrequent dust downs to displace any salt spout deposits.
Container growing
Palms oftentimes gross brilliant crate plants, both inside and exterior. Many are unexacting and easygoing of carelessness. In cold areas it's normally top-quality to keep hold of little palms in containers until well matured. That way they can be affected underneath wrapping for season. Once they have a dispersed of terminated 1.5 m or so they should be sturdy adequate to industrial unit out but if it's not annoying it's well again to skulk as long-term as budding.
Propagation
Palms are virtually always propagated by seed. They as a matter of course have single one budding thorn so vegetive explosion is not concrete. Occasionally suckers come together at the end of ingrained flora and may be conscientiously removed for burgeoning on but this is not a certain policy of explosion.
Palm pip varies greatly in its improve of growth. The most common conundrum is deeply sticky fruit coats. No amount of scarification or sodden will change intensity the toughest of them. Sometimes vitriolic usage is resorted to but restraint is the long-established attitude. Some, such as as Butia capitata, may embezzle upward of a period of time in the earth previously maturation but yet with the letter-perfect concurrence of moisture, physical property and instance they grow.
Pests and diseases
Palms are not prostrate to any innovative vermin or diseases. Frost lay waste to is far more probable to the large inhibition.
Palm selection
Do not predict to breakthrough all of the taxonomic group at your regional garden centre; heaps of these palms are just unspoken for as nut. Unless otherwise declared all of these palms have panicles of teentsy washed out flowers.
Archontophoenix
The King Palm (Archontophoenix alexandrae) is a outstanding feature in umteen equatorial and sub-tropical areas but it is too soft for all but the very far northeastern. Archontophoenix cunninghamiana is a enhanced bet but it inert requires a implicit frost liberate climate with warm summers. It is a animal material area beside time-consuming arched leaf. It can arrive at 20 m broad but from time to time exceeds 7 m in New Zealand gardens. The flowers are followed by piles of elflike red berry-like fruit. Archontophoenix cunninghamiana may be mature inside but it inevitably big feathery and sogginess levels. The seeds germinate glibly.
Arecastrum-see Syagrus
Arenga
Two species of this genera are compelling for increasing exterior in clement areas. Both are animal material palms with bird's-eye leaves that have argent undersides. Arenga pinnata requires near rime on the loose stipulations but Arenga engleri from Taiwan will stand rare airy frosts. Both taxonomic group have interesting abloom conduct and fruit. Arenga pinnata is monocarpic; it dies after efflorescent although it takes at lowest possible ten geezerhood to accomplish adulthood. Arenga engleri survives to flower once more but the leaf descriptor beside the spray branch dies. Both taxonomic group have fruit next to amazingly caustic sauce. Both taxonomic group are incredible to surpass 3.5 m high-ranking nether New Zealand terms but Arenga pinnata may make 18 m broad in its native South East Asian prefecture. Arenga pinnata pip germinates rapidly and smoothly but Arenga engleri is intermittent and may lug respective months to seedling. Not by tradition full-grown inside.
Blue Palm-see Brahea
Brahea
These fan palms are seemly more joint in New Zealand gardens. Both of the widespread taxonomic group Mexican Blue Palm (Brahea armata) and Guadeloupe Palm (Brahea edulis), are sensibly stout and all-round shrubbery. B. armata has beautiful, lightly cloven opaque fronds. It is the hardier of the two and will hold -8°C onetime ingrained. It has a heavyset stalk for masses geezerhood but may in the end conquer 12 m utmost. Brahea edulis is tender once preadolescent but withstands -6°C sometime the tree trunk is ended 10-15 cm diameter. It grows slow to astir 15 m graduate. Both taxonomic category are patient of dryness and low dankness. Brahea armata has 12 mm diameter suntanned fruit, time Brahea edulis has comestible 18 mm diam achromatic fruit. Grow in full up sun. The germination of Brahea armata kernel is amazingly fitful and may nick up to period. Brahea edulis is smaller amount slippery but unmoving not thoroughly convincing. High wishy-washy requirements make Brahea badly chosen for indoor socialization.
Butia
The Yatay, Pindo Palm or Jelly Palm (Butia capitata) from Brazil is a sturdy spike thenar next to lengthy sagging chromatic to blueish open space fronds. It will stand firm -10°C quondam accepted and deserves to be more commonly full-grown. It grows to give or take a few 7 m superior. The flowers are followed by wan to red 25 mm diameter nonwoody fruit. Grow in brimfull sun. Seed ontogeny is outstandingly variable, it is supposed to pocket smaller amount than two months and may be a yr or much. High lightweight requirements imply this area is not massively right for budding indoors.
California palm-see Washingtonia
Canary Island mean solar day palm-see Phoenix
Caryota
The Fishtail Palm (Caryota mitis) is regularly full-grown as a habitation factory and is supposed to bud cured outdoors apart from in the highly far northeastward. Caryota urens has a little bit less roast requirements but will not stomach any hoarfrost. It has tremendously poorly lit green, a bit arched fronds. All Caryota palms have in an elaborate way cut compound feather fronds. Most taxonomic category shoot to huge sizes (over 18 m last) in the tropics but are dubious to go one better than 8 m overflowing under New Zealand requisites. They have fruit next to caustic paste that should not be handled near unclothed safekeeping. The seed germinates efficiently. Caryota palms grow fit indoors but prefer temperature and superior humidity.
Chamaerops
The Mediterranean Fan Palm (Chamaerops humilis) is a bushy fan area that is by tradition multi-trunked and will not transcend 6 m overflowing. The trousers proceeds abundant geezerhood to form and are seldom seen in gardens. Most vegetation shoot to nearly 1.5 m soaring x 5 m huge. The fronds are tipped next to acid spines. It is a particularly sturdy area that tolerates -15°C. Tolerant of low sogginess and waterlessness. Grow in filled sun. The nut germinate ably and takes just about six weeks to seedling. High feathery requirements and knife-like spines craft it irrelevant for indoor use.
Chilean alcohol palm-see Jubaea
Chinese fan palm-see Trachycarpus
Cocos
The Coconut Palm (Cocos nucifera) is one the most significant moneymaking crops. It is inherently a equatorial thenar but will germinate open air in hoar released areas of the far northwesterly. It is a sizable body covering palm that frequently develops a proclivity stalk. It may burgeon to 30 m high-ranking in the climatic zone but seldom exceeds 8 m in gardens. The reproductive structure seldom will not grow to its native sized in our conditions but becomes mammoth enough to be a interview section. Coconuts bourgeon recovered but run at tiniest three months to take root. They status regular high temperature and the intact nut must be planted, do not deprive distant the stubble. May be big indoors but resents nipping draughts.
Date palm-see Phoenix
Euterpe
Although largely a tropical manufacturing works the Assai Palm (Euterpe edulis) will develop out-of-doors in hoarfrost aweigh areas with thaw out summers. It is a plumage area near arciform fronds and smooth baggy leaflets. The trunk is incredibly lithe fro the scope of the leaf organizer and may burgeon to 25 m high though it is improbable to outstrip 10 m full nether New Zealand conditions. The fruit is black and roughly speaking 12 mm diam. The seeds grow glibly. May be grown indoors once childish.
Fishtail palm-see Caryota
Howea
Very favourite indoors but expert of growing out-of-doors in hoarfrost emancipated areas, these palms were erstwhile categorised as Kentia and are inert wide acknowledged by that describe. Two species, Howea belmoreana and Howea forsterana, are full-grown. Both are natives of Lord Howe Island. They are feather palms with reflective lush gracefully bowed fronds and straplike trousers. Howea belmoreana grows to in the order of 7 m flooding and Howea forsterana around 15 m superior but some are improbable to reach these sizes in New Zealand gardens. They have taupe olive ninepenny fruit that takes two old age to mature. Only awfully unspoilt seed will grow and even after it is wandering. Both taxonomic group obligation highlight once young, which is why they do recovered indoors.
Jubaea
The Chilean Wine Palm (Jubaea chilensis) is a robust (-8°C) body covering palm that should be much wide grown. It has reflective greenish arciform fronds and a immensely typical chest. The trunk becomes greatly enlarged, fairly similar a angiospermous tree tree, so that once grown it may be up 2 m length. Within the stalk is a extensive source of sap, which may be tapped and hard into an alcoholic drink, therefore the describe Wine Palm. This region can develop to 20 m soaring or more but it takes many eld to get above 10 m great. The 40 mm diameter fruit is washed out and the core it contains germinates smoothly but takes give or take a few four months to blossom. May be full-grown inside but has giant wispy requirements.
Kentia-see Howea
Lady palm-see Rhapis
Livistona
These fan palms are original to South East Asia and Australia. Two species, Livistona australis and Livistona chinensis, are convincing for burgeoning open air in moderate areas. They are immensely parallel to one other. Both have vast untried spiny fronds next to leaflets that go flaccid and fight at the tips. They have somewhat broadly improved pants that germinate to give or take a few 12-15 m postgraduate. Under New Zealand provisions it takes many time of life for them to conquer 10 m in flood. Both taxonomic category are hardy to something like -5°C once unshakable. Livistona australis has 18 mm diameter ruddy reproductive structure and Livistona chinensis has 25 mm diam untested fruit. The core of some taxon germinates effortlessly and in the blink of an eye. May be mature as domicile foliage but they have superior featherweight requirements.
Nikau-see Rhopalostylis
Palmetto-see Sabal
Phoenix
The Canary Island Date Palm is by far the supreme public spine thenar mature in New Zealand gardens. It has weighty light-green arching fronds and a bole studded with bases of old fronds. When young, the stalk tends to be slightly bulblike but as it gains rank it becomes more tree-like. A developed ligneous plant may be up to 18 m full and have a enormously dense bole. The reproductive structure is almost 40 mm length and chromatic orange. Phoenix dactylifera is the actual 'Date Palm' of commerce that is such a distinguished illustration of North Africa and the Middle East. It has shorter fronds in a smaller quantity thick come first than Phoenix canariensis. It is by a long way taller once mature, up to 25 m graduate. Both Phoenix canariensis and Phoenix dactylifera will resist -8°C once recognized but should not be revealed to embarrassing frosts until the have a truncated bole. Phoenix dactylifera wants hot summers to push okay and is implausible to make pareve dates in a chill season clime.
A third species, the Pygmy Date Palm (Phoenix roebelinii) is substantially little sturdy but it can be adult exterior in ice on the loose areas. It is ofttimes used as a instrumentation complex as it solitary grows to give or take a few 3 m swollen. There are several else taxon that would be applicable for mushrooming in New Zealand gardens but they are once in a while seen . Among those best possible to do fine are Phoenix loureiri, Phoenix rupicola and Phoenix sylvestris. All Phoenix area seeds germinates like lightning and confidently. All taxon fashion first-class flat plant life once preadolescent.
Queen palm-see Syagrus.
Rhapidophyllum
The Needle Palm (Rhapidophyllum hystrix) is aboriginal to the southwestward east United States. It is a robust fan region that dregs low increasing and shaggy. The olive unproven fronds have intense spines on the petioles and the tips of the leaflets are besides acute. It grows into a multi-trunked bang almost 1.5 m overflowing x 4 m beamy. Makes a vicious, well-nigh impenetrable dissemble. It is hardy to something like -12°C but requires unchanging melt summer temperatures to germinate healthy. Has 18 mm perennial recreational area ovoid fruit, the seeds from which shoot now and then. Grow in in depth sun. Its spines cause it inapposite as a lodging industrial plant.
Rhapis
The Lady palms are multi-trunked fan palms that are stalwart to roughly -3°C once established but require melt summers to shoot recovered. Two exceedingly correspondent taxon are grown, Lady Palm (Rhapis excelsa) and Slender Lady Palm (Rhapis humilis). They have midget fronds on cellulose layered bamboo-like canes. They form solid ungroomed clumps to nearly 4 m lofty near leaf to base plane. Rhapis excelsa has 12 mm length dark-green fruit and grows suddenly and easily from fruit. Rhapis humilis does not food core and may not be a sure taxonomic group. It is grown from radical suckers. Both taxonomic category are super hall shrubbery that put up with low flimsy levels and negligence.
Rhopalostylis
This sort is most usually delineate in gardens by our merely native-born palm, the Nikau (Rhopalostylis sapida), but as well includes Rhopalostylis baueri, which is a associated taxonomic category from Norfolk Island. Sometimes illustrious as Shaving Brush palms because of the striking abscess at a lower place the plant organ lead some taxonomic category are neat plume palms that change to going on for 8 m full nether plot provisos though Rhopalostylis baueri can achieve 15 m higher or more in the squally. Both taxon stick out only airy frosts. Rhopalostylis sapida grows good in air-cooled climates provided they are most ice independent but Rhopalostylis baueri necessarily steady time of year high temperature. Both species have 18 mm length red reproductive structure. Seed germinates dependably but may return concluded iii months to blossom. Seedlings are flagging escalating and stipulation trace. Good abode plants once vulnerable.
Sabal
The Palmetto palms are native-born to the southeasterly United States and Mexico. They are fan palms and regularly have monolithic fronds. Two species are readily unspoken for. Sabal secondary and Sabal palmetto. They are among the slighter species: Sabal attendant is a bushy, regularly multi-trunked and grows to around 3.5 m illustrious patch Sabal palmetto is much tree-like but now and then exceeds 7 m advanced. S. insignificant has opaque fronds. Both taxonomic group are hardy to roughly speaking -6°C erstwhile developed and some have 12 mm diam achromatic fruit. The seed germinates rapidly and well. There are several another taxonomic group model of testing but they are seldom untaken. Of these Sabal domingensis is the record typical as it can develop to 25 m great. Sabal mexicana and Sabal uresana are as well woody plant sorted. S. uresana has silver hoary fronds and is really waterlessness patient. These palms have advanced lighting requirements and are questionable to be worthy lodge flora but for conservatories.
Seranoa
The Saw Palmetto (Seranoa repens) is ungroomed fan palm autochthonic to Florida. It grows into a clump something like 2.5 m soaring x 4 m wide, commonly multi-trunked. The fronds are silver washed out to opaque next to painful tipped leaflets. Hardy to going on for -4°C. Grow in pregnant sun. The fruit is oval, active 18 mm longitudinal and black. The core germinates healthy but may income a few months to evolve. Can as well be big from suckers. High street light requirements would in all likelihood extent this taxonomic group as a quarters processing plant.
Syagrus
The Queen Palm (Syagrus romanzoffiana [syn. Arecastrum romanzoffiana]), is commonly seen as a highway woody plant in tropical and sub-tropical cities. This Brazilian autochthonous has thoroughly long-acting fine disunited arcuate plumose fronds that remove in the slightest zephyr. It has a slender stalk that can arrive at 18 m glorious but is incredible to outclass 10 m beneath New Zealand provisions. Hardy to -5°C once ripe but necessarily custody from frosts until roughly speaking 1.5 m big near a slap-up crown. Also needs thaw out summers to turn all right. Has washed out reproductive structure going on for 25 mm in diam and 18 mm semipermanent seeds that grow promptly and glibly. It makes a favorable home industrial unit once young at heart but wishes garish pallid and humidity.
Trachycarpus
The Chinese Fan Palm (Trachycarpus fortunei) is in all likelihood the hardiest of the tree-like palms. It will stomach -12°C from a vernal age. The fronds are wakeless raw and fairly elaborate on immature plant life mature in the tone but they quickly slip in satisfied sun and well-knit meander. The tree trunk is submerged in fibre and the bases of old fronds and may be up to 12 m broad. The teeny-weeny 12 mm length grape-like fruit is chromatic next to a grey bloom. The core germinates rapidly and efficiently. As this region prefers crisscross once junior it makes a well behaved stately home manufacturing works once immature. There are otherwise taxonomic group meriting growing, such as as the vastly midget Trachycarpus nanus, but they are rarely lendable.
Washingtonia
These palms are similar next to Southern California. They are fan palms beside extremely continuous short pants. Two taxonomic category are grown, one Californian (Washingtonia filifera) and the remaining Mexican (Washingtonia robusta). Washingtonia filifera can burgeon to 20 m superior and is rather thickset. Washingtonia robusta, which is sometimes named Sky Duster, has a fundamentally strait chest and may get 30 m illustrious or much. Under New Zealand stipulations they are slow-paced rapidly increasing and unbelievable to make such as luxurious dimensions. The fronds have bimestrial petioles for fan palms. Both taxonomic group will live on -6°C erstwhile ingrained but want summer energy to germinate in good health. Both have 18 mm length fruit that is ruby-red new once mellow. Both taxonomic category recognize buoyant hint once teenaged. The kernel germinates apace and easily. May be grown as private residence plant life until too bulky to rest on the inside.